GLOSSARY

ALTERNATING CURRENT: In alternating current (AC)

, the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction, whereas in direct current (DC, also dc), the flow of electric charge is only in one direction. The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simplyalternating and direct, 

as when they modify current or voltage

DIRECT CURRENT: Direct current (DC) is the nidirectional

flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams

INPUT/OUTPUT: In computing, input/output or I/O (or informally, io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer) and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. The term can also be used as part of an action; to "perform I/O" is to perform an input or output operation. I/O devices are used by a human (or other system) to communicate with a computer.

MULTIMETER: A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter would include basic features such as the ability to measure voltage, current, and resistance.

POWER CORD: A power cord, line cord, or mains cable is a cable that temporarily connects an appliance to the mains electricity supply via a wall socket or extension cord. The terms are generally used for cables using a power plug to connect to a single-phase alternating current power source at the local line voltage—(generally 100 to 240 volts, depending on the location).

POWER SOURCE

The AT source is a device that fits into the computer case and is basically responsible for transforming the alternating current power line from the wall outlet into direct current ; the which is used for electronic and electrical components of the computer with a lower voltage . Other functions are to supply the amount of current and voltage devices require well as protect them from problems in the electrical supply and surges

ATX stands for ("Advanced Technology eXtended " ) or Extended advanced technology , a second generation of power supplies entered the market for computers with Intel Pentium MMX chip , and from that moment, extending its use.

MICROATX: microATX (sometimes referred to as uATX, Micro ATX [1] or uATX [2] [3]) is a standard for motherboards that was introduced in December 1997. [4] The maximum size of a microATX motherboard is 9.6 to 9.6 × (244 × 244 mm), but some microATX plates can be as small as 6.75 x 6.75 in (171.45 x 171.45 mm). [5] The standard size ATX is 25% longer in 12 x 9.6 in (305 × 244 mm).



ATX connector 20 pins: It is feeding the motherboard, formerly of 20 pins, the current rule provides 24 pins. It almost always consists of a block of 20 pins, which we can add a block of 4 pins. This in order to respect the compatibility with the old plates with 20-pin connectors.

"ATX P4": (also ATX 12V), connects to the motherboard and is exclusively for processor power, without it is impossible to start the computer
Today most motherboards have 8 pins, due to increased CPU power.

CONNECTOR THE MOST: The most classic and is still present in all computers, sometimes used directly on the motherboard, serves to connect the hard drive and units of all types (reader, writer)

SATA: It is present in all modern computers, used to supply hard disk recorders under the SATA standard.

PCI Express connector: The power of graphics cards continues to increase, many of which require a direct power supply from the main block (sometimes even two). This is the function of this connector. Initially 6-pin, increasingly we find 8.

MAINBOARD: It is the main part of a computer also known as the BOARD as we serve others hosting allowing these components interact with each other and can be performed processes. The motherboard is the main component of a personal computer. It is the component that integrates all others.

Puertos USB, PS/2, Ethernet (Rj45). Serial, Paralelo, Sonido, Sata Externo.





USB port: Through this port we can enter a USB stick and instantly read also save and make changes to the information we have on ella.Un computer usually has four USB ports.

Port PS / 2: Used to connect keyboards and mice. Many of the advances presented were immediately adopted by the PC market, being one of the first connectors.

Ethernet: Ethernet network cards use RJ-45 connectors. The most common case is
that of the card or NIC with RJ-45 connector, although during the transition from the majority use of coaxial cable.

Serial: It is a communication interface digital data, frequently used by computers and peripherals, where information is transmitted bit by bit sending a single bit at a time, in contrast to the parallel port that sends several bits simultaneously.

PARALLEL: It is an interface between a computer and a peripheral, whose main characteristic is that the data bits traveling together, sending a packet byte at a time. That is, a cable or via a physical data for each bit is imple
mented by forming a bus.

Sound: The Jack connector is a connector used in numerous audio devices are no different diameter connectors for the transmission of sound in analog format.
  The most used are 3.5 mm for use in portable devices such as mp3, for the headphone output.

SATA EXTERNAL: It is a port that allows the transmission of data between an external device to the computer, have the technology "hot swapping" ie allows connection of devices without having to restart or shutdown the computer.

Video ports (HDMI, VGA, DVI): Provides an interface between any source digital audio and video as DTT could be a tuner, Blu-ray, a Tablet PC, PC etc.

VGA: The VGA acronym comes from ("Video Graphics Array or Video Graphics Adapter"), which translated means graphical arrangement of video or video graphics adapter it is a semitrapezoidal connector with 15 terminals, which then sends signals concerning the graphics from the computer to a screen to be displayed to the user. In fact allow transmission of data to a (peripheral) external device from the computer, it is called port.

DVI: It is a video interface designed for
the highest quality possible viewing digital screens,
such as LCD monitors and flat screen digital projectors.

FIREWIRE: IEEE 1394 is a connection type for various platforms , for the input and output serial data at high speed. Typically used for interconnecting digital devices such as digital cameras and camcorders to computers . There are four versions 4, 6 , 9 and 12 pin . In the domestic market popularity has declined among hardware manufacturers, and has been replaced by the USB interface in versions 2.0 and 3.0, or Thunderbolt interface.

                                                            Procesadores (Microprocesadores) Zocalos, Multicore, hyper ready.  El zócalo de CPU: (socket ) is a type of electronic socket ( electromechanical system support and electrical connection ) installed on the motherboard , which is used to fix and connect the microprocessor, without allowing solder be removed later. Therefore, equipment used in open architecture , which seeks to have modularity in the variety of components , allowing the change of the card or integrated .

MULTICORE: A multicore processor is one that combines two or more separate chips in a single package , often a single integrated circuit . A dual core device contains only two independent microprocessors. Generally multicore microprocessors allow a computing device display some form of thread level parallelism ( thread-level parallelism ) ( TLP ) not including multiple microprocessors in separate physical packages

HIPER THREADING: It is a registered trademark of Intel to name their implementation of Simultaneous Multithreading technology also known as SMT brand. It allows programs ready to run multiple threads in parallel processing within a single processor , increasing the use of processor execution units .

Procesadores Intel (i3, i5, i7, itanium), AMD (x3, x4, x6)

INTEL i3: INTEL i3 Ideal to enjoy multi-media content in high definition video and games of last generation.

INTEL i5: This chip has four real cores and uses the Turbo Boost technology. Perform the tasks as information to improve the efficiency of PC.




INTEL i5: This chip has four real cores and uses the Turbo Boost technology. Perform the tasks as information to improve the efficiency of PC.


|AMD






AMD x3: These processors have 3 separate cores Phenom-based architecture which were the first three four processor cores









AMD x4: Supports Socket AM2 HyperTransport 3.0 and technology by updating the bios.Procesador 4 núcleos.Especialmente designed for Socket AM2 + (940) These processors have 450 million transistors 65 nanometers.






AMD x6: AMD Phenom II X6 processors feature new Turbo CORE technology that transfers performance to three dedicated cores operating at high frequency. The AMD Phenom II X6 processors can shift to Turbo mode for demanding games and productivity software which may employ two or three cores, or return to six real cores for the demanding requirements of content creation and immersive 3D applications.



Microprocessor Architectures 32 and 64 bits

32bits

In computer architecture, 32 bits is used to describe integers, memory addresses or other data units comprising up to 32 bits wide, or to refer to an architecture of CPU and ALU based on registers, address bus and data bus that width.

64 bits It is used to describe integers, memory addresses or other data units comprising up to 64 bits wide, or to refer to a CPU and ALU architectures based on registers, address bus and the data bus width.

Ram memory DDR, DDR2, DDR3

DDR MEMORY work transferring data through two different channels simultaneously and in the same clock cycle with a transfer volume information 8 bytes in each clock cycle. However they are compatible with more powerful in terms of clock cycles processors.                                                                                                                                                                           MEMORY DDR2 is the second generation of DDR SDRAM, which has improved certain aspects providing faster concurrent processes.As a newer technology, DDR2 have notable differences with their predecessors, among which the most significant has to do with the value of minimum transfer because while traditional DDR is 1600Mbps, in DDR2 doubles to 3200Mbps almost double the capacity.

DDR3 MEMORY

Moreover, the DDR3 significantly reduced to 1.5V consumption, thanks to the implementation of the manufacturing technology of 80 nm. This change reduces power consumption and heat generation, thus increasing processing speed.

Regarding the appearance, while the pin 240 have DDR3, ie the same as DDR2, both types of memories are incompatible because the pins have been located differently.



ATA or SATA connector

It is an interface for data transfer between the motherboard and some storage devices, as can be the hard disk, readers and regrabadores CD / DVD / BR Units solid disk or other devices of high performance are still being developed. Serial ATA replaces the traditional Parallel ATA or P-ATA. SATA provides higher speeds, better use when multiple units, increased cable length data transmission and ability to connect units instantly, ie insert the device without turning off the computer or suffer a short circuit as the old Molex .








ATA or PATA: Originally known as IDE, is an interface standard for connecting devices massive data storage and optical drives using derivative ATA standard.


Difference between IC card on the BOARD video and video.

A video card interprets the data it receives from the processor, sorting and calculating for presentation on the screen as a more or less large rectangle composed of individual dots of different colors, converting the data into analog signals to be displayed on a usually these video cards are integrated into the monitor BOARD since these are usually called integrated video, any video now allows 2D and 3D acceleration at low price BOARD integrated and sufficient for basic applications and modest video games, BOARD higher price in the power of this integrated video is older and lets you run more demanding applications in video ..


Video Cards

It is an expansion card to a computer or computer, responsible for processing the data from the CPU and transform them into understandable information and representable in an output device such as a monitor or TV.





Network Card

enables communication with devices connected together and sharing resources between two or more computers (hard drives, CD-ROM, printers, etc).











Wifi
They are also wireless and wireless NIC cards, which come in different varieties depending on the standard to which conform usually are 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. The most popular are the 802.11b transmitting at 11 Mbps (1,375 MB / s) with a theoretical distance of 100 meters and transmits 802.11g 54Mbps (6.75 MB / s).



Ethernet

Ethernet network cards using connectors. The most common case is that of the card or NIC with RJ-45 connector, although during the transition from the majority use of coaxial cable (10 Mbps) to twisted pair (100 Mbps) abounded cards with BNC and RJ-45 connectors and even BNC / AUI / RJ-45 (in many of them you can see screenprinted unused connectors). With the entry of Gigabit networking and houses in the presence of multiple computers is often begin to appear cards and motherboards (with integrated NIC) with 2 and up to 4 ports RJ-45, something previously reserved for servers.




Liquid Cooling Systems Boxes Atx.

is to extract heat from the components of a computer as if it is not, many of the components would cease to operate because they burn, or the computer would turn off, if being a modern motherboard. Unlike air cooling, using water as a heat transmitter. you may be adding a liquid water liquid cooling circuit for added.



Hard Drives (SATA, IDE, SCSI).




sata

It is an interface for data transfer between the motherboard and some storage devices such as hard disk, readers and regrabadores CD / DVD / BR, solid state drives or other devices of high performance are still being developed.







SDI
The IDE hard drive is an electromechanical device that is responsible for storing and reading large volumes of information at high speeds through small electromagnets, on a ceramic disk coated with magnetic filing. The ceramic discs are mounted on a shaft rotating at high speeds. Inside the device is completely free of air and dust, to avoid collisions between particles and hence loss of data, the disk is rotating all the time is on.











SCSI
SCSI Small Computer System is a standard interface for transferring data between devices on the bus of the computer. Currently SCSI is popular in workstations and high-performance servers.





Readers drives and burners (CD, DVD,
BlueRay).

The CD-ROM should be considered mandatory on any computer that is currently being assembled or constructed, because most software is distributed on CD-ROM. Some of these units read CD-ROMs and CDs recorded on a single recording (CD-RW). These units are called burners because they work with a laser to "burn" the disc surface to record information


DVD: The name of this device refers to the multitude of ways in which data is stored: DVD-ROM (read-only device), DVD-R and DVD + R (only be written once), DVD RW and DVD + RW (can record and erase times as you like). They also differ in the storage capacity of each of the types.



Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc or BD is an optical disc format new generation of 12 cm in diameter (same as CD and DVD) for high definition video and high data storage density. Its storage capacity reaches 25 GB per layer, although Sony and Panasonic have developed a new evaluation index that would expand by 33% the amount of stored data, from 25 to 33.4 GB per layer.



Card Readers SD, MicroSD, Unit From Diskette

It is a memory card format invented by Panasonic. It is used in portable devices such as digital cameras, PDAs, mobile phones, laptops and even game consoles (both desktop and portable), among many others

MicroSD can be used also directly in SD slots with an adapter. Normal ם are shaped. There are some SD cards that have an integrated dual-purpose USB connector, and there are readers that allow SD cards accessible via many connectivity ports such as USB, FireWire, and the common parallel port. SD cards are also accessible via a floppy drive using a FlashPath



Diskette
It is a means or data storage media consisting of a circular magnetic, thin and flexible material (hence its name) piece enclosed in a plastic cover square or rectangular
Floppy disks are read and written using a device called a floppy, English. In some cases it is less than the CD. The disk drive is the device or reader / writer floppy drive, and insert it helps to save the information.


the microphone

Is an electroacoustic transducer. Its function is to translate the vibrations

due to the acoustic pressure on the capsule by sound waves into energy
electricity, allowing for example to record sounds from any place or item


CTR MONITORS

The CRT monitors use signals red, green and blue analog video in varying intensities to generate colors in the RGB color space. These were used almost exclusively progressive scan since the mid 80s.



LCD MONITOR

Is a thin, flat screen formed by a number of color or monochrome pixels placed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often used in electronic devices batteries because it uses very small amounts of electricity.



PLASMA

Are based on the principle that by passing a high voltage by a low pressure gas generated light. These displays use as CRT phosphor but are emissive as LCD and address these get a color improvement and a great angle visión.Estas are as fluorescent screens, and each pixel is a small bulb color, the problem of this technology is the duration and size of the pixels, so its most common implementation is on large screen TV


LED:

It is a video device that uses LEDs arranging them in a matrix using different RGB diodes to form the pixel colors.



KEYBOARD ALAMBRICO:
It is a peripheral input or device, partly inspired keyboard typewriters, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches that send information to the computer.




WIRELESS KEYBOARD:
Usually common keyboards where communication between the computer and the peripheral is via infrared, via radio or bluetooth.






MOUSE ALAMBRICO:
It is a pointing device used to facilitate the handling of a graphical environment on a computer. usually is made of plastic and is used with one hand. detects its movement in two dimensions on the flat surface on which it rests, usually reflected by a pointer or arrow on the monitor.






WIRELESS MOUSE:
In this case the device lacks a cable cable cable to connect you to the computer, instead uses some kind of wireless technology This requires a receiver that receives the wireless signal produced by batteries, the mouse. The receiver is normally connected to the computer through a USB port or PS / 2




USB PORTS:
It is a general way to refer to an interface through which different types of data can be sent and received. This interface can be physical, or may be at the level of software (eg ports for data transmission between computers).






PORT PS / 2
It is a port developed by IBM for connecting a mouse or keyboard to your computer. Most PCs have a PS / 2 port for the serial port can be used to connect other peripherals.






BLUETOOTH:
It is an industrial specification for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) that enables the transmission of voice and data between different devices using a radio frequency link in the ISM 2.4 GHz band







infrared:
The infrared requires a linear communication between transmitter and receiver, which is essential to the line of sight for their effective transmission. the frequencies of the infrared band does not allow penetration through walls, giving it an important advantage in operating Bluetooth radio. Communication with infrared always be one by one, leaving aside the multi dot dot configurations.






WIFI
It is a mark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, a trade organization that adopts test and certify that the equipment meets the 802.11 standards related to Wireless LANs areas.